Punjab Campaign Medal

Instituted:
Authorised by a General Order dated 2nd April 1849.

Qualification:
Awarded to all those who were employed in the Punjab between 7th September 1848 and the 14th March 1849.

Description:
A silver, 36mm diameter medal featuring the diademed head of Queen Victoria on the obverse and the legend VICTORIA REGINA. The medal was designed by William Wyon (1795-1851) who was the official chief engraver of the Royal Mint from 1828 until his death.

The reverse depicts Major-General Sir Walter Gilbert on horseback, receiving the surrender of the Sikh armies. Around the top of the medal is the inscription TO THE ARMY OF THE PUNJAB, whilst the date (1853 expressed in roman numerals) - MDCCCXLIX - appears in the exergue.

Ribbon:
32mm wide, two yellow stripes close to each edge, the remainder dark blue.

Suspension:
An ornamental, swivelling suspender.

Naming:
Impressed in roman capitals.

Clasps:
Three were issued and these are described below:

1. Mooltan
Awarded to those who took part in the siege of Mooltan between 7th September 1848 and 22nd January 1849. 2900 clasps were issued to Europeans and 16,067 to natives.

2. Chilianwala
Awarded for the action of 13th January 1849. 4300 clasps were issued to Europeans and 16,153 to natives.

3. Goojerat
Awarded for the action of 21st February 1849. 6200 clasps were issued to Europeans and 26,760 to natives.

Acknowledgements:
The photograph is taken from the Spink & Son July 2009 auction catalogue whilst British Battles and Medals, as always, has been invaluable in putting together the information.

Jellalabad Medals

Instituted:
1842.

Qualification:
Awarded to men who took part in the defence of - and withstood the siege of - Jellalabad (now Jalalabad) in Afghanistan between 12th November 1841 and 7th April 1842.

Two versions of the medal were issued, generally referred to as the Mural Crown (first type) and Flying Victory (second type).

First Type Description:
Silver, 39mm diameter, with a straight steel suspender fastened by a pin. The obverse portrays a mural crown and the word JELLALABAD. The reverse carries the date VII APRIL 1842. The image above shows a replacement suspension.

This medal was struck in Calcutta but was considered (understandably) inartistic. Furthermore, not enough medals were struck to issue to the next of kin. Consequently, a second type was struck in London (below). A free exchange was offered to men who had received the first type but it is recorded that only five men of the 13th Regiment of Foot took up the offer.



Second Type Description:
Silver, 36mm diameter with a straight steel suspender fastened by a pin. The obverse portrays the diademed head of Queen Victoria with the words VICTORIA VINDEX. A few medals were later struck with the words VICTORIA REGINA. The reverse depicts winged Victory holding the Union Jack in her left hand and wreaths in her right. Around the top is the inscription JELLALABAD VII APRIL and in the exergue, the date MDCCCXLII.

The medal was designed by William Wyon (1795-1851) who was the official chief engraver of the Royal Mint from 1828 until his death.

Ribbon:
Watered rainbow pattern: red, white, yellow, white, blue.

Naming:
Different types of naming exist for the The Mural Crown type: around the edge and on the obverse under the crown. The medal was not officially named when first issued.

Winged Victory naming is in the form of indented block capitals around the edge.

Clasps:
None issued.

Other:
British Battles and Medals notes that 2654 medals were issued in total.

Acknowledgements:
The photographs are taken from the Spink & Son July 2009 auction catalogue whilst British Battles and Medals has been invaluable in putting together the information.

Canada General Service Medal

Instituted
7th January 1899 and awarded to all those who qualified for the medal and were still living. An Army Order of 1906 extended the period of applying for the medal until 1st July 1907 and this was later further extended to 31st December 1928.

Qualification:
Awarded to members of the Imperial and Canadian forces which took part in the suppression of the Fenian Raids in 1866 and 1870, and Riels' First Rebellion, also in 1870. This latter action was also known as the Red River Rebellion or the Red River Resistance depending, presumably, upon which side of the fence you stood.

Description:
Silver, 36mm diameter, with a plain, straight swivel suspender. The obverse portrays the veiled bust of Queen Victoria with the legend VICTORIA REGINA ET IMPERATRIX. The reverse depicts the Canadian flag surrounded by a wreath of maple leafs. The word CANADA appears above.

The obverse on the medal was designed by Thomas Brock (1847-1922) and the reverse by George William de Saulles (1862-1903). Thomas Brock was a prolific English sculptor, probably best known for the Imperial Memorial to Queen Victoria situated in front of Buckingham Palace. He was knighted in 1911. George de Saulles (1862-1903) was, as Chief Engraver, responsible for official medals between 1894 and 1902.

Ribbon:
Three equal stripes of red, white and red.

Naming:
Several different naming types are to be found. Medals issued to English Regiments (approximately 820) were impressed in capitals or engraved. Medals issued to Canadian recipients are to be found in large indented block capitals, indented lower case letters and - for the most part for those awarded to Naval recipients - engraved in large or small capitals.


Clasps:
Three clasps were awarded: Fenian Raid 1866, Fenian Raid 1870, and Red River 1870. The medal was always issued with a clasp. Four different dies were used for the 1866 clasp, five for the 1870 clasp and three for the Red River clasp.

Acknowledgements:
The photograph is taken from the Spink & Son July 2009 auction catalogue whilst British Battles and Medals has been invaluable in putting together the information.

Cape of Good Hope General Service Medal

Instituted:
Authorised by the Cape of Good Hope Government on 4th December 1900, with the approval of Queen Victoria.

Qualification:
Awarded to men who took part in the suppression of uprisings in Transkei, Basutoland and Bechuanland.

Description:
Silver, 36mm diameter, with a swivelling straight suspender. The obverse portrays the bust of Queen Victoria wearing a veil and a small crown, with the legend VICTORIA REGINA ET IMPERATRIX. The reverse depicts the arms of Cape Colony and the legend, CAPE OF GOOD HOPE.

The medal was designed by George William de Saulles (1862-1903) who, as Chief Engraver, was responsible for official medals between 1894 and 1902.

Ribbon:
Dark blue with a yellow stripe running down the centre.

Naming:
Those engraved in the UK were done so in thin, faint block capitals. Later issues engraved in Cape Town were impressed in square capitals.

Clasps:
Three clasps were awarded and these are listed below.

1. Transkei
Awarded for operations in Tembuland and Giqualand East between 13th September 1880 and 15th May 1881

2. Basutoland
Awarded for operations between 13th September 1880 and 27th April 1881 at Mafetang, Maseru, Kalabani and elsewhere.

3. Bechuanaland
Awarded for operations in Bechuanaland between 24th December 1886 and 30th July 1897.

A total of 5252 medals were issued and only ten were issued without a clasp. The breakdown - courtesy of British Battles and Medals - is as follows:

Transkei: 562
Basutoland: 1589
Bechuanaland: 2483
Transkei and Basutoland: 490
Transkei and Bechuanaland: 18
Basutoland and Bechaunaland: 77
Transkie, Basutoland and Bechaunaland: 23
No clasps: 10

Acknowledgements:
The photograph is taken from Spink's's July 2009 auction catalogue whilst British Battles and Medals has been invaluable in putting together the information.

Baldwin's - Orders, Decorations and Medals

I've just added a new section on the right-hand column for for forthcoming medal auctions. If your name is RENNIE or you have an interest in that surname, there are some fantastic lots coming up in the Baldwin's sale at the end of this month.

CLICK ON THIS BALDWIN'S LINK TO VIEW THE CATALOGUE.

South Africa Medal 1877-1879

Instituted:
1879

Qualification:
Awarded for operations against various African tribes between September 1877 and December 1879.

Description:
Silver, 36mm diameter, with an ornamental scroll swivelling suspension. The obverse portrays the diademed head of Queen Victoria and the legend VICTORIA REGINA. The reverse depicts the lion of South Africa crouching in front of a protea bush. Above are the words SOUTH AFRICA; below the lion a Zulu shield and crossed spears.

As with the Indian Mutiny Medal, the South Africa Medal design is another father/son collaboration. The obverse of the medal was designed by William Wyon (1795-1851) who was the official chief engraver of the Royal Mint from 1828 until his death. (See also the Army of India Medal). The reverse was designed by his eldest son, Leonard Charles Wyon (1826-1891) who became Second Engraver at the Royal Mint in 1844 and who succeeded his father as Modeler and Engraver in 1851.

Ribbon:
Watered, orange-yellow with two narrow and two wide stripes in dark blue.

Naming:
Engraved capital letters.

Clasps:
Seven clasps were awarded and these are listed below. The medal could also be issued without a clasp (also below). After a good deal of deliberation on the part of the War Office, and after three Royal Warrants had been issued it was decided to issue only one clasp per medal, that clasp representing the year, or number of years, that the recipient had been employed against an enemy.

1. 1877
The second least common of the clasps with approximately 150 awarded.

2. 1877-8
Approximately 5,820 awarded.

3. 1877-8-9
Approximately 3,520 awarded.

4. 1877-9
The rarest of all the clasps. Approximately eight awarded.

5. 1878
Approximately 2,000 awarded.

6. 1878-9
Approximately 1,180 awarded.

7. 1879
Approximately 18,330 awarded.

Men entitled to any of the above clasps who were already in possession of the earlier South Africa 1853 medal were supposed to declare this to the authorities so that the appropriate clasp from the 1877-79 campaign could be added to their earlier medal.

In all, 36,600 medals were struck, 5,600 of these issued without a clasp to men who took part in the Zulu operations between 11th January and 1st September 1879 but who did not cross into Zululand from Natal.

Operations:
The operations for which the above bars were awarded were as follows:

1. Operations against the Gcalekas and the Gaikas (1877-78).

2. Operations against the Griquas in 1878.

3. Operations against Sekukuni in 1878 and 1879.

4. Operations against Moirosi in 1879.

5. The Zulu War of 1879.

Other:
The medal is also referred to as the Zulu War Medal and the South Africa General Service Medal.

Acknowledgements:
The photograph is taken from Dix Noonan's September 2009 auction catalogue whilst British Battles and Medals has been invaluable in putting together the information.

Ashantee Medal

Instituted:
1st June 1874

Qualification:
Those serving in Major-General Sir Garnet Wolseley's campaign against the Ashantis between 9th June 1873 and 4th February 1874.

Description:
36mm diameter medal, silver and bronze, featuring the veiled head of Queen Victoria on the obverse and the legend VICTORIA REGINA. The reverse depicts a bush-fighting scene around a tree between British soldiers and Ashanti tribesemen.

The obverse of the medal was designed by Leonard Charles Wyon (1826-1891). The reverse was designed by Sir Edward John Poynter (1836-1919), many of whose works can be seen at The Tate Gallery in London.

Ribbon:
32mm wide. Yellow with black borders and two thin black stripes down the centre.

Naming:
The recipient's name engraved in roman capitals. The rim dated 1873-4.

Clasps:
One clasp was awarded for this medal - Coomassie. However, those men who later qualified for the East and West Africa Medal ( for various operations between 1887 and 1900) were awarded the bar/s only which were then to be attached to the Ashantee Medal.

The Coomassie clasp was awarded to all those who were present at the battle of Amoaful on 21st January 1874 and in the actions between Amoaful and Coomassie, including the capture of the capital on 4th February 1874.

Acknowledgements:
The photograph is taken from Spink's July 2009 medal auction catalogue, whilst British Battles and Medals has been invaluable in putting together the information.

Indian Mutiny Medal

Instituted:
Originally sanctioned by General Order No. 363 dated 18th August 1858 and No. 733 of 1859 to all troops engaged against the mutineers, this was later extended by General Order 771 in 1868 to all persons who had borne arms or been under fire.

Qualification:See above.

Description:
A silver, 36mm diameter medal featuring the diademed head of Queen Victoria on the obverse and the legend VICTORIA REGINA. The reverse depicts the standing, helmeted figure of Britannia. She faces left and holds a wreath in her right outstreched hand. Over her left arm is a shield and behind her the British lion. The word INDIA is written above her, and the dates 1857-1858 beneath.

The obverse of the medal was designed by William Wyon who was the official chief engraver of the Royal Mint from 1828 until his death in 1851. (See alsothe Army of India Medal). The reverse was designed by his eldest son, Leonard Charles Wyon (1826-1891) who became Second Engraver at the Royal Mint in 1844 and who succeeded his father as Modeler and Engraver in 1851.

Ribbon:32mm wide. White with two 6mm scralet stripes.

Naming:
The recipient's name and regiment, or ship, indented in roman capitals.

Clasps:
Five fish-tailed clasps were issued and these are listed below. Around 290,000 medals were also issued without clasps, the result of the 1868 General Order.

1. Delhi
Awarded to troops involved in the recapture of Delhi between 30th May and 14th September 1857.

2. Defence of Lucknow
Awarded to original defenders, the relief force and a few civilians. The qualifying period was 29th June - 22nd November 1857.

3. Relief of Lucknow
Awarded to troops under Sir Colin Campbell who were involved in the relief of the city in November 1857.

4. Lucknow
Awarded to troops who took part in the final operations resulting in the capture of Lucknow between November 1857 and March 1858.

5. Central India
Awarded to those who served under Major-General Sir Hugh Rose against Jhansi, Calpee and Gwalior, and those who served with Major-General Roberts in the Rajpatana Field Force and Major-General Whitlock of the Madras Column between January and June 1858.

Acknowledgements:
The photograph is taken from Dix Noonan's September 2009 auction catalogue whilst British Battles and Medals has been invaluable in putting together the information.

Army of India Medal

Instituted:
An order dated 21st March 1851 authorised the East India Company to issue a medal to all survivors who served in India between 1799 and 1826.

Qualification:
See above. The period covered encompassed four wars: the Second Mahratta War (1803–4), the Gurkha War (1814–16), the Pindaree or Third Mahratta War (1817–18), and the First Burmese War (1824–26). Because the medal was issued retrospectively, and some 48 years after the first qualifying action at Allighur in 1803, fewer medals were issued than would have been the case had awards been made immediately after the campaigns. As it was, around 4,500 medals were issued in total, the vast majority of these with only a single clasp.

Description:
A silver, 35mm diameter medal featuring the diademed head of Queen Victoria on the obverse and the legend VICTORIA REGINA. The reverse depicts the figure of Victory, seated and facing left. In her right hand she holds a laurel branch, and in her right hand a wreath. A palm tree can be seen to the left and around the top is the wording, TO THE ARMY OF INDIA. The dates 1799-1826 appear at the bottom. The medal was designed by William Wyon who was the official chief engraver of the Royal Mint from 1828 until his death in 1851. It was a William Wyon design which was the model for Queen Victoria's head on the Penny Black and other later Victorian postage stamps.

The length of the hyphen between the two dates is known to vary. Those with a long hyphen are thought to have been sent out to India unnamed and then named in Calcutta and sent to claimants still serving in India. Medals with a shorter hyphen and the designer's initials (WW) were largely issued to the Queen's ships and regiments.

Ribbon:
32mm wide and light blue.

Naming:
Generally in indented capitals to British and European troops and various indented capitals and script to natives.

Clasps:
This medal was only issued with clasps and there were twenty-one clasps issued in total. These are listed below in date order, earliest first. The order of the clasps on this medal is different from most medals in that the last award is placed nearest the medal.

1. Allighur
Awarded for the action of 4th September 1803.

2. Battle of Delhi
Awarded for the action of 11th September 1803.

3. Assye
Awarded for the action of 23rd September 1803.
Assye is today, Assaye in the state of Maharashtra. Read more about the Battle of Assye at British Battles.com. The Duke of Wellington, who was a colonel (and acting Major General) at Assye would later say that Assye was his hardest fought battle.

4. Asserghur
Awarded for the action of 21st October 1803.

5. Laswaree
Awarded for the action of 1st November 1803.

6. Argauum
Awarded for the action of 29th November 1803.

7. Gawilghur
Awarded for the action of 15th December 1803.

8. Defence of Delhi
Awarded for the actions of 8th-14th October 1804.

9. Battle of Deig
Awarded for the action of 13th November 1804.

10. Capture of Deig
Awarded for the actions of 11th-23rd December 1804.

11. Nepaul
Awarded for the actions of October 1814 to March 1816.

12. Kirkee
Awarded for the action of 5th November 1817.

13. Poona
Awarded for the actions of 11th-16th November 1817.

14. Kirkee and Poona
Awarded for the actions of 5th-16th November 1817.

15. Seetabuldee
Awarded for the actions of 26th-27th November 1817.

16. Napgore
Awarded for the action of 16th December 1817.

17. Seetabuldee and Nagpore
Awarded for the actions of 26th-27th November 1817 and 16th December 1817.

18. Maheidpoor
Awarded for the action of 21st December 1817.

19. Corygaum
Awarded for the action of 1st January 1818.

20. Ava
Awarded for actions between 1824 and 1826.

21. Bhurtpoor
Awarded to men who took part in the siege of Bhurtpoor between 17th and 18th January 1826.

Other:
The first action commemorated on a clasp for this medal was the assault on the fortress at Allighur on 4th September 1803, a date which does not of course agree with the dates 1799-1826 that are mentioned on the reverse of the medal.

Seven clasps were awarded to one man - the most awarded. Two men received five clasps, twenty-three received four, and one hundred and forty nine received three.

Medals with the Ava clasp are the most common; those with the Kirkee (seven known issues) and Seetabuldee (two issues to Europeans) clasps, the most rare.

Sales:
An Army of India medal with a scarce combination of Battle of Deig and Capture of Deig clasps (only 32 entitlements for this combination) was sold at auction by Dix Noonan Webb in June 2009 for £7,800 against a top estimate of £4,500.

Acknowledgements:
The photograph is taken from Dix Noonan's September 2009 auction catalogue whilst British Battles and Medals has been invaluable in putting together the information.

Kabul to Kandahar Star

Instituted:
Authorised on 19th March 1881.

Qualification:
It was awarded to all those who took part in General Roberts’s three hundred mile march from Kabul to Kandahar between 9th and 31st August 1880.

Description:
A five-pointed star with a ball between all of the points except the two uppermost where a crown is fixed. The obverse has the mongram VRI in the centre. Around the border is KABVL TO KANDAHAR and the date 1880 at the bottom. The reverse is plain except for naming in the hollow centre (see below). Designer unknown; manufactured by H Jenkins & Sons of Birmingham.

Ribbon:
38mm wide and a rainbow pattern of red, white, yellow, white, blue.

Naming:
Indented capitals to British troops; engraved in capitals and script to natives.

Clasps:
None issued.

Other:
The Kabul to Kandahar Star was usually issued with the Afghanistan Medal (with Kandahar clasp) and was made from guns captured from the army of Ayub Khan.

Errors in naming to Foot instead of Regt have been found (Childers' 1881 reforms saw the old Regiments of Foot giving way to new County Regiments).

Photo:
Image borrowed from the Dixons Medals website.

Afghanistan Medal

Instituted:
Authorised on 19th March 1881.

Qualification:
Awarded to all those who took part in the Afghanistan campaigns of 22nd November 1878 to 26th May 1879 and 3rd September 1879 to 20th September 1880.

Description:
Silver, 31mm diameter with plain, swivelling suspender. The obverse portrays the crowned and draped head of Queen Victoria and the legend VICTORIA REGINA ET IMPERATRIX. The reverse (above) depicts marching and mounted troops and an elephant carrying a cannon. The word AFGHANISTAN appears around the top, and the dates 1878-79-80 at the bottom. The obverse was designed by J E H Boehm and the reverse by R Caldecott.

Ribbon:
Green with crimson stripe on each edge.

Naming:
A variety of different styles. Medals to British troops were engraved in upright or sloping capitals whilst those awarded to natives are found in capitals or script.

Clasps:
Six bars were issued and these are listed below.

1. Ali Musjid
Awarded for the action of 11th July 1882.

2. Peiwar Kotal
Awarded for the action of 2nd December 1878.

3. Charasia
Awarded for the action of 6th October 1879

4. Kabul
Awarded for those involved in operations at or near Kabul between 10th and 23rd December 1879, including the column under Brigadier General C J S Gough which joined Sir Frederick Roberts VC on 24th December that year.

5. Ahmed Khel
Awarded for the action of 29th April 1880.

6. Kandahar
Awarded for the action of 1st September 1880 and also to those who took part in the reconnaissance of the city the previous day but who did not take part in the attack.

Other:
Sixteen Victoria Crosses were awarded for valour during the Afghan campaign and five generals who were VC holders also took part in the campaign.

The Kabul to Kandahar Star was usually issued with the Afghanistan Medal (with Kandahar clasp) and was made from guns captured from the army of Ayub Khan. It was awarded to all those who took part in General Roberts’s three hundred mile march from Kabul to Kandahar between 9th and 31st August 1880.

Photo:
Image borrowed from the Dixons Medals website.

Egypt Medal 1882-1889

Instituted:October 1882.

Qualification:Originally awarded to all those who took part in the 1882 Egypt campaign, qualification was later extended to include later Egyptian campaigns up until 1889.

Description:
Silver, 36mm diameter with swivelling suspender. The obverse portrays the veiled head of Queen Victoria and the legend VICTORIA REGINA ET IMPERATRIX. The reverse depicts the sphinx atop a pedestal and with the word EGYPT above.

Medals awarded for the 1882 campaign have the year 1882 appearing beneath the pedestal. Medals for the later campaigns are undated.

Ribbon:Three blue stripes left, centre and right,with two white stripes in between these.

Naming:
A variety of different styles although generally engraved in distinctive sloping serif capitals. There are examples of undated medals to the Navy and Marines impressed in large serif capitals, and to Indian units in engraved running script or impressed small serif capitals. Medals issued to local Egyptian forces are engraved in Arabic.

Clasps:Thirteen clasps were issued and these are listed below. The first two - Alexandria and Tel-El-Kabir - were issued for the 1882 campaign only. The dated and undated medal could also be issued without clasps and men who had been issued with the 1882 medal and clasp/s and who subsequently served in a later Egyptian campaign, had to return their medal to have a complete new set of clasps. Thus genuine multi-clasp medals with the Alexandria or Tel-El-Kabir clasp all have uniform rivets.

1. Alexandria 11th July
Awarded for the action of 11th July 1882 and found on dated medals.
Recipients of this clasp would also have been entitled to the 1882 Khedive's Star.

2. Tel-El-Kabir
Awarded for the action of 13th September 1882 and found on dated medals.
Recipients of this clasp would also have been entitled to the 1882 Khedive's Star.

3. Suakin 1884Awarded for action between 19th February and 26th March 1884.
Recipients of this clasp would also have been entitled to the 1884 Khedive's Star.

4. El-Teb
Awarded for the action of 29th February 1884.
Recipients of this clasp would also have been entitled to the 1884 Khedive's Star.

5. Tamaai
Awarded for the action of 13th March 1884.
Recipients of this clasp would also have been entitled to the 1884 Khedive's Star.

Regiments present: one squadron each from the 10th Hussars and 19th Hussars; M/1 Battery and 6/1st Scottish Divisional Royal Artillery, 26th Company Royal Engineers, 3/60th, 65th, 70th, 75th and 89th Regiments of Foot; also Native Camel Transport.  HM Navy was represnted by officers, seamen and marines from the following ships: Briton, Carysfort, Dryad, Euralysus, Hecla, Humber, Inconstant, Inflexible, Northumberland, Sphinx, Thalia and Tyne.

6. El-Teb-Tamaai
Awarded for the actions of 29th February 1884 & 13th March 1884.
Recipients of this clasp would also have been entitled to the 1884 Khedive's Star.

7. The Nile 1884-1885
Awarded for service with the Khartoum relief expedition prior to 7th March 1885.
Recipients of this clasp would also have been entitled to the 1884-1886 Khedive's Star.

8. Abu Klea
Awarded for the action of 17th January 1885.
Recipients of this clasp would also have been entitled to the 1884-1886 Khedive's Star.

9. Kirbekan
Awarded for the action of 10th February 1885.
Recipients of this clasp would also have been entitled to the 1884-1886 Khedive's Star.

10. Suakin 1885
Awarded for actions between 1st March and 14th May 1885.
Recipients of this clasp would also have been entitled to the 1884-1886 Khedive's Star.

11. Tofrek
Awarded for the action of 22nd March 1885.
Recipients of this clasp would also have been entitled to the 1884-1886 Khedive's Star.

12. Gemaizah 1888
Granted to all troops who were landed at Suakin before the action at Gemaizah on 20th December 1888.
Recipients of this clasp would also have been entitled to the undated Khedive's Star.

Regiments present: 20th Hussars (147), 24 Company Royal Engineers (17), 2/25th Foot, 41st Foot, 86th Foot; also Egyptian Native Troops.  There were also Naval detachments from HMS Starling, HMS Racer and the Khedive's Noor-l-Bahr.

13. Toski 1889
Awarded for the action of 3rd August 1889.
Recipients of this clasp would also have been entitled to the undated Khedive's Star.

Note: The Abu Klea and Kirbejan clasps are always paired with The Nile 1884-1885 clasp. The Tofrek clasp is always paired with the Suakin 1885 clasp.

Khedive's Sudan Medal

Instituted:
12th February 1897.

Qualification:
Awarded to officers and men who took part in battles and actions in the African Sudan between 1896 and 1908. The medal (under Army Order 48) was originally issued to commemorate the reconquest of the Dongola Province in 1896 and with the clasps "Firket" and "Hafir" This was later extended by subsequent army orders to cover actions up to 21st November 1908 (and with a further 13 clasps).

Description:
Silver and bronze 39mm diameter. The obverse bears the Arabic inscription "Abbas Hilmi the Second" and the year Islamic Calendar year (or Hijri Calendar year) "1314". The reverse shows a tablet inscribed in Arabic with "The Reconquest of the Sudan 1314" which supports a trophy of arms. Above this is an oval shield decorated with stars and crescents and behind this, lances and flags.

Ribbon:
Yellow (representing the desert) with a large blue band (representing the Nile) running through the centre.

Naming:
The medal was issued un-named although unofficially named examples are found in a number of different styles.

Clasps:
Fifteen clasps cover the period 1896 to 1908. Men entitled to any of the first six clasps noted below would also have qualified for the Queen's Sudan Medal.

1. Firket
Awarded to those military personnel who were serving at or to the south of Sarras between the 30th March and the 23rd September 1896 inclusive, and to those serving at Suakin between the same dates who took part in the operations south of Akasheh on the 7th June 1896.

2. Hafir
Awarded to those who took part in the operations south of Fareig on 19th September 1896.

3. Sudan 1897
Awarded to troops who had already been granted the medal and who served at and south of Kerma on the Nile or south of No. 6 Station on the Abu Hamed Railway between the 15th July and 6th November 1897.

4. Abu Hamed
There is quite a long list of qualifications for this clasp. Essentially, troops had to have taken part in the engagement at Abu Hamed on 7th August 1897 to receive it.

5. The Atbara
Awarded to those who took part in the battle at Atbara on the 8th April 1898.

6. Khartoum
Awarded to those who took part in the battle near Khartoum on 2nd September 1898.

7. Gedaref
Awarded to those who took part in the capture of Gedaref on the 22nd September 1898, and in the subsequent engagements in that neighbourhood.

8. Gedid
Awarded to those troops who took part in the action at Gedid (or its vicinity) on 22nd and 24th November 1899.

9. Sudan 1899
Awarded to those troops who served on the Blue and White Nile south of Khartoum during 1899.
10. Bahr El Ghazal 1900-1902
Awarded to those troops who took part in the policing operations in the Bahr El Ghazal Province under Sparkes Bey in 1900-1902.

11. Jerok
Awarded to all troops under the command of Miralai Gorringe Bey, CMG, DSO who took part in the operations against the slave raider Ibrahim Wad Mahmud at and around Gebel Jerok between 11th February 1904 and 3rd March 1904.

12. Nyam Nyam
Awarded to all troops under William Arthur Boulnois Bey (Governor of Bahr El Ghazal) who took part in the suppression of trouble in the Bahr El Ghazal Province between January and May 1905.

13. Talodi
Awarded to all troops under the command of Miralai O'Connell Bey who formed part of the garrison at Talodi between the 25th May and 12th June 1906 and who took part in the fighting at Teira on the 15th and 17th June 1906.

14. Katfia
Awarded to all troops who took part in the action of Katfia on the night of 1st/2nd May 1908.

15. Nyima
Awarded to all troops under the command of El Kaimakam Lempriere Bey who served at Dilling, or south and west of Dilling between the 1st and 21st November 1908.

Other:
A second Khedive's Sudan medal was issued in 1910 and clasps for that medal would eventually cover actions and engagements up until 1921.

Image:
Shows the reverse of the Khedive's Sudan Medal and is borrowed from the Dixons Medals website.

Queen's Sudan Medal

Instituted:
1899.

Qualification:
Awarded to officers and men who took part in the Sudan campaign between 1896 and 1898. Originally mainly an Egyptian affair, two British brigades subsequently joined the campaign (see Other, below).

Description:Silver and bronze 36.5mm diameter. The obverse portrays the bust of Queen Victoria holding a sceptre. Around the perimeter is the legend VICTORIA REGINA ET IMPERATRIX. The reverse portrays a plinth inscribed with SUDAN, from underneath which Nile lilies sprout. Victory sits on top of the plinth holding a laurel wreath in her left hand and a palm branch in her right. Behind her, to her right, is the British flag, and behind on her left, the Egyptian flag.

Ribbon:
A thin red stripe running down the centre divides yellow on the left and black on the right.

Naming:
A combination of engraved and impressed largely depending on the nationality of the recipient. British awards are engraved in square upright or sloping serif capitals. Awards to Indian troops are impressed or engraved in running script. Medals to Egyptian troops can sometimes be found engraved in Arabic script.

Clasps:
No clasps were awarded for this medal although an unofficial clasp bearing the name DONGOLA is supposed to exist.

Other:
The British force comprised the 1st British Brigade which was commanded by Brigadier General (later Major General) Andrew (Andy) Wauchope, and the 2nd British Brigade which was commanded by Brigadier General (later General) Sir Neville Lyttelton.

The 1st British Brigade comprised the 1st Bn Cameron Highlanders, 1st Bn Royal Warwickshire Regt, 1st Bn Seaforth Highlanders and the 1st Bn Lincolnshire Regt.

The 2nd British Brigade comprised the 1st Bn Grenadier Guards, 1st Bn Northumberland Fusiliers, 2nd Bn Rifle Brigade and the 2nd Bn Lancashire Fusiliers.

Additional reinforcements included the 21st Lancers (who would make their maiden charge at Omdurman and who could count Winston Churchill and Douglas Haig amongst their ranks), two field batteries with 5 inch howitzers and 9 pounder Maxim-Nordenfeldt guns, a four gun Maxim battery, and seven gunboats.

Sudan Campaign books from the Naval & Military Press

Egyptian Soudan, its loss and recovery 1896-1898


This book includes a rapid sketch of the history of Sudan, a narrative of the Dongola expedition of 1896, and a full account of the Nile expedition of 1897-1898. The first part describes the early days of the country, its conquest by the Egyptian Khedive, Mahomed Ali, the foundation of Khartoum and its place as the great central slave market. The involvement of the British in suppressing this trade brought Gordon to Khartoum, subsequently the scene of his death in January 1885 when Khartoum was was taken by the Mahdi. A relief force arrived two days too late - and withdrew to Egypt leaving the Mahdi in control. Eventually the decision was taken to reconquer the Sudan and in 1896 Kitchener, the Sirdar of Egypt, was given the task. The account of the two years it took forms the main part of this book, culminating in the battle of Omdurman. There are two very informative appendices, the one provides the organization of the forces of the Dongola and Nile expeditions with a complete nominal roll of all the officers, the other is the roll of honour of British officers, WOs, NCOs and Men who lost their lives in the campaign. CLICK HERE TO ORDER.

With Kitchener to Khartum


This account by war correspondent G W Steevens begins with the background to the Sudan campaign - the rise of the Mahdi, Gordon, the state of the Egyptian Army, the construction of the Sudan Military Railway which was to play a highly significant part in Kitchener’s reconquest of the Sudan in 1898. There is a useful chronology of the chief events of the campaign from from the start of the advance in Feb, through the battle of the Atbara, the move on Khartum culminating in the battle of Omdurman on 2 Sep 1898 which brought the campaign to an end. The description of Omdurman itself, the Khalifa’s capital, after it fell to the Anglo-Egyptian force, is hardly an attractive one: "Everything was wretched. And Foul. They dropped their dung where they listed; they drew their water from beside green sewers; they had filled the streets and khors with dead donkeys; they left their brothers to rot and puff up hideously in the sun. The stench of the place was in your nostrils, in your throat in your stomach." CLICK HERE TO ORDER.

Army Long Service & Good Conduct Medal

Instituted:
1830

Qualification:
The Army Long Service & Good Conduct (LSGC) medal was originally awarded to infantry NCOs and men who had completed 21 years' good conduct, or cavalry NCOs and men who had completed 24 years' good conduct. In 1870 the qualifying period was reduced to 18 years for both the cavalry and the infantry.

Description:
Silver, 36mm diameter. The metal and the size appear to be the only characteristics of the medal that remained unchanged over the years. The following information comes from a variety of sources.

1830-1831
King William IV - type 1 (small ring)
The medal was designed by by Benedetto Pistrucci (1783-1855). His most famous design was that of St George slaying the dragon, an image that first appeared on British gold sovereigns and crow in 1817 and is still in use today. The obverse depicts the royal coat of arms with a small shield of the House of Hanover, surrounded by a trophy of arms. The reverse carries the legend, FOR / LONG SERVICE / AND / GOOD CONDUCT. (See image below, courtesy of Dixons Medals)


1831-1837
King William IV - type 2 (large ring)
Same as above but with a large ring.

1837-1855
Queen Victoria - type 1 (Hannoverian emblem dropped)
On the accession of the new queen, the Hannoverian emblem was dropped and replaced by Queen Victoria's Royal coat of arms (see image at the top of this post), although new dies were not introduced until 1839. The legend on the reverse remained the same.

1855-1874
Queen Victoria - type 2 - (swivelling scroll suspension)
A swivelling scroll suspension was introduced in 1855. (See image below, courtesy of Dixons Medals).


1874-1901
Queen Victoria - type 3 (smaller lettering)
Swivelling scroll suspension and smaller lettering on the reverse replacing the larger lettering. (See image below, courtesy of Dixons Medals).

1901-1910
King Edward VII

Since 1901, Queen Victoria's coat of arms has been replaced with the head or bust of the reigning monarch. The obverse of the King Edward VII version portrays the bust of the King (facing left) in field marshal's uniform with the legend EDWARDUS VII REX IMPERATOR. The reverse carries the legend, FOR / LONG SERVICE / AND / GOOD CONDUCT.

1911-1920
King George V - type 1

The obverse depicts the bust of King George V (facing left) with the legend GEORGIUS BRITT: OMN: REX: ET: IND: IMP: (George V, omnipotent King of Great Britain and Emperor of India). The reverse carries the legend, FOR / LONG SERVICE / AND / GOOD CONDUCT.

1920-1930
King George V - type 2
In 1920 the swivelling scroll suspender was replaced by a fixed suspender.

In 1930 the name of the medal was changed to the Long Service and Good Conduct Military Medal.

Ribbon:
Originally dark crimson, this was amended to dark crimson with white edges for awards made from 1917 onwards.

Naming:
A combination of engraved and impressed.

Clasps:
No clasps were awarded for this medal.

Other
A Long Service medal was also issued to members of the Volunteer Force. This was a different design and had a green ribbon.

Image:
I've borrowed the photograph on this page from the Frontier Medals website. It shows a type 2 Army LSGC medal.

Efficiency Medal

Instituted:
17th October 1930.

Qualification:
Awarded to NCOs and men who had completed twelve years’ service with the Territorial Force, with war service and service in West Africa counting double. Service did not have to be concurrent. This medal replaced the Territorial Efficiency Medal, the Militia Long Service and Good Conduct Medal and other Commonwealth equivalents.

Description:
Silver oval medal, 39mm high and 32mm wide. The obverse bears the reigning monarch's bust. The reverse carries the inscription 'FOR EFFICIENT SERVICE'. The fixed suspension is in the form of two laurel leaves and bears a scroll bar bearing the relevant title (see below).

There have been five medal types (versions) as follows:

Type 1: GV
King George V (1930-1936). A robed bust and the legend GEORGIVS V D G BRITT: OMN: REX: ET: INDIAE IMP.

Type 2: GVI 1
King George VI (1937-1948). A crowned head and the legend GEORGIVS VI D G BR OMN : REX : ET INDIAE IMP.

Type 3: GVI 2
King George VI (1949-1952). A crowned head and the legend GEORGIVS VI DEI: GRA: BRITT OMN: REX: FID: DEF.

Type 4: EIIR 1
Queen Elizabeth II (1952-1953). A crowned head and the legend ELIZABETH II D : G : BR : OMN : REGINA F. D.

Type 5: EIIR 2
Queen Elizabeth II (1953-2000). A crowned head and the legend ELIZABETH II DEI GRATIA REGINA FID DEF.

This medal was replaced in 2000 by the Volunteer Reserve Service Medal.

Ribbon:
Three different ribbons have been used throughout this medal's seventy year history. The first ribbon (1930-1969) was green with yellow edges. The second ribbon (1969-2000) maintained the yellow edges with the centre portion equally divided between blue (left) and green (right). The third version of this ribbon was issued to members of the Honourable Artillery Company (HAC). The yellow edges were retained with the centre portion equally divided between dark blue (left) and scarlet (right).

Naming:
Impressed in sans serif capitals around the edge.

Clasps:
Three clasps have appeared at different times on the UK versions of this medal: "TERRITORIAL" (issued 1930-1969 and 1892-2000) " MILITIA" (issued 1930-1951) and " T & A V R " (issued 1969-1982). As indicated, the T A A V R clasp was introduced in 1969 but abandoned in 1982 and replaced with the re-introduced TERRITORIAL clasp. There are 34 differently named Commonwealth clasps.

Image:
King George V, type 1 with TERRITORIAL clasp.

Delhi Durbar Medal 1911

Instituted:
1911

Qualification:
Awarded to those present at the Durbar celebrations in Delhi, India to mark the coronation of King George V. A large contingent of British Army officers and men was in attendance for the 1911 Delhi Durbar, although only approximately one quarter of those present at the occasion actually received this medal.

Description:
36mm diameter. The obverse portrays the two crowned busts of King George V and Queen Mary facing left, within a floral wreath. The king and queen wear robes of state. The reverse contains Persian script which translates (in the centre) as "Dehli 1911" and around the perimeter, "The Durbar of George V, Emperor of India, Master of the British Lands".

The majority of the medals were issued in silver although a limited quantity were also struck in gold for rulers of the Princely Indian states, and high ranking government officials.

Ribbon:
Blue with two vertical red bands.

Naming:
Issued un-named although occasionally unofficially named.

Clasps:
No clasps were awarded for this medal.

Other:
Around 28,600 1911 Delhi Durbar Medals were awarded. One of the recipients was George A J Welch, commemorated on this site.

Image:
The photograph on this page shows the medal group of Lt Colonel Frederick Charles Laing and comes from the King Emperor website. His medal group comprises (from left to right), the 1895 India General Service medal (with three clasps), 1914-15 Star, British War Medal, Inter-Allied Victory Medal, and Delhi Durbar Medal 1911.

British Army Medals - Index

This index of medals awarded to soldiers serving with the British Army will be regularly updated. Medals are indexed in date order. Click on the medal to go to the relevant page on this site.


18th Century

Military General Service Medal [1793-1814]
Seringapatam Medal [1799]
Army of India Medal [1799-1826]


19th Century 1800-1850

Honourable East India Company's Egypt Medal [1802]
42nd Foot Medal [1819]
Army Long Service & Good Conduct Medal [1830]
Coorg Medal [1837]
Ghuznee Medal [1839]
Ghuznee Medal - Earl of Auckland's Medal [1839]
Candahar, Cabul and Ghuznee Medal [1841-1842]
Defence of Kelat-i-Ghilzie [1842]
Jellalabad Medals [1841-1842]
China War Medal [1843]
Scinde Campaign Medals [1843]
Gwalior Campaign Stars [1843]
Sutlej Campaign Medal [1845-1846]
Punjab Campaign Medal [1848-1849]

19th Century 1850-1899

South Africa Medal 1834-1853 [1854]
India General Service Medal [1854-1895]
Crimea War Medal [1854]
Turkish Crimea Medal [1855]
Baltic Medal [1856]
Indian Mutiny Medal [1857-1858]
Canada General Service Medal [1866-1870]
Ashantee Medal [1873-1874]
Arctic Medal [1876]
South Africa Medal [1877-1879]
Afghanistan Medal [1878-1880]
Kabul to Kandahar Star [1880]
Cape of Good Hope General Service Medal [1880-1897]
Egypt Medal [1882-1889]
Khedive's Star [1882-1889]
North West Canada Medal [1885]
Royal Niger Company's Medal [1886-1899]
East and West Africa Medal [1887-1900]
Hong Kong Plague Medal [1894]
India Medal [1895-1902]
Queen's Sudan Medal [1896-1898]
Queen's South Africa Medal [1899-1902]

1900 - 1913

China War Medal [1900]
King's South Africa Medal [1901-1902]
Tibet Medal [1903-1904]
Natal Rebellion Medal [1906]
Territorial Force Efficiency Medal [1908]
India General Service Medal [1908-1935]
Delhi Durbar Medal 1911 [1911]

1914-1920


1914 Star [1914]
1914-15 Star [1914-1915]
British War Medal [1914-1920]
Inter-Allied Victory Medal [1914-1918]
Territorial Force War Medal [1914-1919]

Inter-war

Efficiency Medal [1930]


World War Two

1939-45 Star
The Atlantic Star
The Air Crew Europe Star
The Africa Star
The Pacific Star
The Burma Star
The Italy Star
The France and Germany Star
The Defence Medal
The War Medal

Post WW2

South Atlantic Medal [1982]
The Elizabeth Cross [2009]

King's South Africa Medal (KSA)

Instituted:
1902

Qualification:
Boer War. Issued to all those who were in a theatre of war on or after 1st January 1902 and who had completed 18 months’ service in the conflict before 1st June 1902.

Description:
Silver, 36mm diameter, with the same swivelling suspension as that on the Queen’s South Africa Medal (QSA). The obverse portrays the bust of King Edward VII (facing left) in field marshal's uniform with the legend EDWARDUS VII REX IMPERATOR. The reverse is the same as the reverse of the 3rd version QSA, namely Britannia, her trident and shield on the ground behind her, holding a standard in her left hand and offering a wreath (pointing to the letter F of AFRICA) with her right. A column of soldiers advances towards and past her whilst at her back, battleships can be seen offshore. The words SOUTH AFRICA are written above.

Ribbon:
From the left, equal widths of green, white and orange.

Naming:
Impressed in sans serif capitals. There are some known examples of officers’ medals which have been engraved.

Clasps:
Two clasps were awarded: South Africa 1901 (awarded to all those who served in South Africa between 1st January 1901 and the 31st December 1901 inclusive)and South Africa 1902 (awarded to all those who served in South Africa between 1st January 1902 and the 31st May 1902 inclusive).

Other:
The KSA was never issued on its own and was always paired with the Queen’s South Africa Medal (QSA). Nurses received the KSA without clasps.

Alexander Burns and George A J Welch, commemorated on this site, both served during the Second Boer War and received the QSA and KSA.

Queen's South Africa Medal (QSA)

Authorised:
1900.

Qualification:
Second Boer War 1899-1902. Awarded to military personnel from the British Army, Royal Navy and Royal Marines who served during the Second Boer War in South Africa between 11th October 1899 and 31st May 1902. The medal was also awarded to members of colonial forces who took part in the conflict, “non-enlisted men of whatever nationality who drew military pay”, and war correspondents. Additionally, the QSA without bar was awarded to troops guarding Boer prisoners of war on the island of St Helena.

Description:
The majority of the medals were silver, although bronze versions were issued to some Indian troops and the “non-enlisted men” above.

36mm in diameter. The obverse portrays the veiled head of Queen Victoria facing left, and the legend, VICTORIA REGINA ET IMPERATRIX (which translates as VICTORIA, QUEEN AND EMPRESS). The reverse depicts Britannia, her trident and shield on the ground behind her, holding a standard in her left hand and offering a wreath with her right. A column of soldiers advances towards and past her whilst at her back, battleships can be seen offshore. The words SOUTH AFRICA are written above.

Variants:
So confident were the authorities that the campaign against the Boers would be a swift one, that the QSA was struck with the dates 1899-1900 which appeared at approximately the 3 o’clock position on the medal, above the heads of the advancing column. When it was realised that the war was going to last beyond 1900, the dates were machined off, but not before around 50 had been issued. Subsequent releases of the medal were issued without the dates and with Britannia’s wreath pointing to the letter F in AFRICA and not the letter R where it had pointed on the first, dated version of the medal. Dated versions of the QSA are rare. Undated versions and versions of the medal with “ghosting” or “ghosted dates” are common.

Ribbon:
Orange centre (12mm width) and then, on either side, dark blue (5mm width) and red (5mm width) width.

Naming:
Some medals were impressed in sand serif capitals around the edge, whilst others were engraved in sloping serif capitals and lower case.

Clasps:
Twenty six clasps were issued. Five of these clasps detailed South African states. Two detailed dates and 19 detailed actions or engagements. It is common to find multiple clasps issued to army personnel but the majority of QSAs issued to Royal Navy personnel were issued “bare=arsed”, only around 1500 issued with one clasp and 700 issued with two clasps.

The five South African state clasps are:
Cape Colony, Natal, Rhodesia, Transvaal, Orange Free State. (Note, a man could qualify for either the Cape Colony clasp or the Natal clasp, but not both).

The two date clasps are:
South Africa 1901 and South Africa 1902. These were awarded to troops who served between 1st January 1901 and 31st December 1901 inclusive and/or between 1st January 1902 and 31st May 1902 inclusive who were not entitled to receive the King’s South Africa Medal.

The 19 battle clasps (in alphabetical order) are:
Belfast, Belmont, Defence of Kimberley, Defence of Ladysmith, Defence of Mafeking, Diamond Hill, Driefontein, Elandslaagte, Johannesburg, Laing’s Nek, Modder River, Paardeberg, Relief of Kimberley, Relief of Ladysmith, Relief of Mafeking, Talana, Tugela Heights, Wepener, Wittebergen.

Other:
Alexander Burns and George A J Welch, commemorated on this site, both served during the Second Boer War and received the QSA and KSA.

Territorial Force Efficiency Medal

Authorised:
1908.

Qualification:
Awarded to NCOs and men who had completed twelve years’ service with the Territorial Force, with war service counting double. Service did not have to be concurrent.

49,526 TFEMs were awarded, 835 with a one bar and 64 with two bars (see below).

Description:
Silver oval medal, 38mm high and 31mm wide. The obverse bears the head of the reigning monarch with legend. Two monarchs appeared on this medal: King Edward VII and King George V. For King Edward VII, the legend reads: EDWARDUS VII REX IMPERATOR. For King George V, the legend reads GEORGIUS BRITT: OMN: REX: ET: IND: IMP.

The reverse carries the inscription: TERRITORIAL FORCE EFFICIENCY MEDAL. An ornate claw mount on the medal links to a metal loop through which the ribbon passes.

Ribbon:
Green with yellow stripe running vertically through the middle.

Naming:
Impressed in sans serif capitals around the edge.

Clasps:
Bars were awarded for further periods of 12 years’ service.

Other:
This award, instituted when the Territorial Force was formed, superseded the Volunteer Long Service And Good Conduct Medal. It was itself superseded in 1921 by the Territorial Efficiency Medal.

Image:
King George V TFEM image from BRITISHMEDALS.INFO

The Elizabeth Cross

Authorised:
Announced by the MoD on Wednesday 1st July 2009.

Qualification:
Awarded to the next of kin of members of the armed forces killed in action or as a result of terrorist attack since September 1945.

Description:
The Elizabeth Cross is the first award to be issued by a reigning British monarch since 1940.

Dimensions unknown. Issued in sterling silver. Cross surmounted on laurel wreath with E II R and crown in the centre of the cross. The four compass points of the cross bear the English rose (north), Scottish thistle (east), Irish shamrock (south) and Welsh daffodil (west). The medal is manufactured by Gladman and Norman. Issued in presentation box.

Ribbon:
Not known

Naming:
Not known.

Other:
Awarded with a miniature Elizabeth Cross and memorial scroll signed by HM Queen Elizabeth II. Families of personnel who lost their lives before 2000 have to apply for the award. Those who have died since 2000 will be contacted by the Ministry of Defence.

Image:
MoD Crown Copyright.

Territorial Force War Medal 1914-1919

Authorised:
1920.

Qualification:
First World War. Recipients either had to be members of the Territorial Force on 4th August 1914 or had to have completed four years or more of service prior to the 4th August 1914 and re-joined before 30th September 1914.

In addition to the above, recipients had to have volunteered - prior to 30th September 1914 - to have served outside the United Kingdom and to have actually served between 4th August 1914 and 11th November 1918. Recipients of the 1914 Star or the 1914-15 Star were inelligible to receive the Territorial Force War Medal 1914-1919.

Description:
This is the least common of the Great War campaign medals with just under 34,000 medals issued to members of the Territorial Force and Territorial Force Nursing Service.

36mm diameter bronze with fixed plain suspension. Obverse: King George V and the legend: GEORGIUS BRITT: OMN: REX: ET: IND: IMP: which is the abbreviated 1919 'txt' equivalent of "George V, omnipotent King of Great Britain and Emperor of India." (This is the same as the obverse of the British War Medal). Reverse: TERRITORIAL WAR MEDAL is inscribed around the top half perimeter. The words FOR VOLUNTARY SERVICE OVERSEAS 1914-19 are inscribed within a laurel wreath.

Ribbon:
Yellow with two green stripes.

Naming:
Impressed in sans serif capitals around the edge.

Other:
Image borrowed from North East Medals.

Inter-Allied Victory Medal

Authorised:
1919.

Qualification:
First World War. There were many versions of this medal which were issued to qualifying participants from the victorious allies. Qualification for the British/colonial version was extensive and has been covered comprehensively by North East Medals. Essentially though, the award covered those who had been serving within a theatre of military operations between 4th/5th August 1914 and midnight on the 11th/12th November 1918. It was also awarded to members of the British Naval mission to Russia 1919-1920 and for mine clearance in the North Sea between 11 November 1918 and 30 November 1919.

Description:
Approximately 6,335,000 Victory medals were issued to British and Imperial forces.

36mm diameter bronze gilt finish suspended by a ring. Obverse: the standing figure of Victory holding a palm. Reverse: inscription 'THE GREAT WAR FOR CIVILISATION 1914-1919' appears within a laurel wreath. William McMillan (1887-1977) was responsible for the design which appeared on the British/colonial and South African version of the Victory Medal. The South African version carries a bilingual inscription: 'THE GREAT WAR FOR CIVILISATION' and, in Afrikaans, 'DE GROTE OORLOG VOOR DE BESCHAVING 1914-1919'.

Ribbon:
Double rainbow pattern, graded and watered. From the centre the colours are: red, orange, yellow, green, blue and purple.

Naming:
Impressed in sans serif capitals around the edge.

Clasps:
None issued with this medal.

Other:
Men who were Mentioned in Dispatches were awarded an Oak Leaf which was worn on the ribbon of the Victory Medal.

For other versions of the Inter-Allied Victory Medal, visit the Digger History page devoted to Allied Victory Medals from the Great War.

Image shows the medal group awarded to Captain William Balfour Campbell of the 8th Punjab Regiment. The oak leaf for his MiD is affixed to his Victory Medal ribbon (centre).

British War Medal

Authorised:
1919.

Qualification:
First World War. Qualification for this medal was extensive and North East Medals has already published a wealth of information on this WW1 award. What follows below is a summary.

The original qualification was for officers and men of British and Imperial Forces who had rendered service between 5th August 1914 and 11th November 1918. This was later extended to include women who had served (subject to those qualifications which North East Medals outlines), and also the immediate post-war period 1919-1920 which covered mine-clearance operations at sea as well as operations in the eastern Baltic, Siberia, The Black and Caspian Seas, and north and south Russia.

Description:
6,390,000 silver British War Medals were issued with a further 110,000 bronze British War Medals issued mostly to the Chinese Labour Corps, Indian Labour Corps and Maltese Labour Corps.

36mm diameter silver or bronze (as above) with non-swivelling suspender. Obverse: King George V and the legend: GEORGIUS BRITT: OMN: REX: ET: IND: IMP: which is the abbreviated 1919 'txt' equivalent of "George V, omnipotent King of Great Britain and Emperor of India." The reverse of the medal depicts St George on horseback holding a short sword. His horse tramples his adversaries’ shield, to the left of which lies a skull and crossbones. 1914 and 1918 are recorded behind St George’s back and in front of the horse’s left fore-leg respectively.

Ribbon:
Orange with, from each edge, blue, black and white stripes.

Naming:
Impressed in a variety of styles.

Other:
Sixty eight naval bars and seventy nine army bars were proposed although ultimately the idea was abandoned and the medal was issued, in Frank Richards’ words, “bare-arsed".

Image:
Courtesy of John Duncan, taken from his excellent Newbattle at War website.

'Missing' family medals

If not already in good hands within the family, I seek the medals for the following relatives:

3819 Pte Herbert Richard Hallam, 20th Hussars, later Z/211 Pte, Rifle Brigade.
My paternal great grandmother's brother, Bertrand Elam enlisted under the pseudonym, Herbert Richard Hallam, on 2nd November 1894. He earned the QSA with clasps 1901, 1902, Orange Free State and Transvaal whilst serving with the 20th Hussars, and during WW1 added the 1914 Star, and British War & Victory medals to his collection. He later served with the Rifle Brigade, Gloucestershire Regiment (pictured above) and Royal Defence Corps.



S/18321 Pte John Frederick Nixon, 8th London Regiment.
My great uncle, John F Nixon, was attached to the 8th London Regiment when he was killed in action on 3rd October 1918. Jack, as he was known to his family and friends, has no known grave and is commemorated on the Vis-en-Artois memorial in France. He was entitled to the British War Medal, the Victory Medal and a memorial plaque would also have been sent to his next of kin. In the undated photograph above, Jack Nixon stands next to his brother Sid. A photo of Jack in army uniform has recently come to light. See header on Army Ancestry Latest.


34714 Pte Alfred Arthur Nixon, Essex Regiment.
My great uncle, A A Nixon was entitled to the British War Medal, the Victory Medal and the Territorial Force War Medal. The photograph above dates to 1916. Alf Nixon is flanked by his brothers Edgar Albert Nixon (RFC) and Walter Leonard Nixon (RGA). Walter Nixon was my grandfather.


DM2/137673 Private Charles Arthur Roberts, Army Service Corps.
My maternal great grandfather, Charles A Roberts was entitled to the British War Medal and Victory Medal. The photograph above was taken "somewhere in France"; date unknown.


A/Capt Alfred Eldred Iliffe MC, Bedfordshire Regiment
Alfred Iliffe went to the Balkans in 1915 as 1630 Pte A E Iliffe with the 1/1 Suffolk Yeomanry. He was later commissioned into the Bedfordshire Regiment and would win the MC in 1918. I seek his 1915 Star (Suffolk Yeo), his British War and Victory Medals (Beds Regt) and his Military Cross.

Alfred is distantly related. His mother was a maternal great-grandmother's sister.